ABSTRACT
Bacteremia continues to result in significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among neonates. There is scarce data on neonatal bacteremia in among Iranian neonates. In this study, we determined neonatal bacteremia isolates and their antibiotic resistance pattern in neonatal insensitive care unit at Beasat hospital, Sanandaj, Iran. During one year, all neonates admitted to the NICU were evaluated. Staphylococcal isolates were subjected to determine the prevalence of MRS and mecA gene. A total of 355 blood cultures from suspected cases of sepsis were processed, of which 27 [7.6%] were positive for bacterial growth. Of the 27 isolates, 20 [74%] were Staphylococcus spp as the leading cause of bacteremia. The incidence of Gram negative bacteria was 04 [14.8%]. The isolated bacteria were resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Maximum resistance among Staphylococcus spp was against Penicillin, and Ampicillin. In our study, the isolated bacteria were 7.5% Vancomycin and Ciprofloxacin sensitive. Oxacillin disk diffusion and PCR screened 35% and 30% mec a positive Staphylococcus spp. The spectrum of neonatal bacteremia as seen in NICU at Beasat hospital confirmed the importance of pathogens such as Staphylococcusspp. Penicillin, Ampicillin and Cotrimoxazol resistance was high in theses isolates with high mecA gene carriage, probably due to antibiotic selection
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of Shigella species and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in hospitalized children with Shigellosis in Abadan, Iran. Shigellosis is caused by different species of Shigella and one of the most common causes of diarrhea in children. This disease is endemic in many developing countries including Iran. This prospective cross sectional study was conducted in a teaching hospital in Abadan, Iran during June 2011 to May 2013. Stool specimens were collected from pediatric age group. All isolates were confirmed as Shigella species by biochemical and serologic tests. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of these isolates was studied by disk diffusion Method. Among all 705 stool samples, 36 [5.1%] yielded Shigella. Of cases, 392 [55.6%] were girl and 313 [44.4%] were boy. The most common Shigella isolates were S. flexneri [n=19, 52.7%] followed by S. sonnet [n=11, 30.5%], S. boydii [n=4, 11.1%] and S. dysenteriae 2[5.5%]. Of the Shigella isolates, 47.2% showed resistance to two or more antimicrobial agents. Resistance pattern against various antimicrobials were as follows: trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole [80.5%], ampicillin [63.8%], tetracycline [58.3%], chloramphenicol [33.3%], nalidixic acid [27.7%], and cefixime [16.6%]. There was no resistance against ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. The most common isolates were S. flexneri followed by S. Sonnei. There was no antibiotic resistance against ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. TMP-SMZ showed highest resistance pattern
ABSTRACT
Klebsiella species are of the most common bacteria involved in nosocomial and urinary tract infections. Genetic elements such as class 1 integrons have an important role in the resistance development. In this study, the share of class 1 integrons, the genetic characterization of the integron cassettes and PFGE profiles of the clinical Klebsiella isolates are evaluated in Besat University hospital of Sanandaj, Iran. Isolates from 17890 clinical specimens were identified byAPI20E. Antibiotic susceptibility testing MIC were done for MDR isolates. For investigating class 1 integrons and gene cassettes, PCR by inti1 integrase and 5-CS/3-CS were performed. Integrated gene cassettes were analyzed by PCR-RFLP and sequencing. Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis was carried out for studying of clonality outbreak of isolates. Thirty five Klebsiella spp. were isolated and included 29 K. pneumoniae and six K. oxytoca. All the isolates were susceptible to carbapenems while other antibiotics showed high resistant profile. In all Klebsiella spp. PCR for intl1 integrase and 5-CS/3-CS were positive [100%]. Sequencing for prevalent bands of internal variable regions between 5-CS/3-CS showed arr-5, orfD-aacA4 and aad5- dfrA 17. PFGE Analysis showed 18 clusters in K. pneumoniae with clonality relatedness in some cases but no relatedness among K. oxytoca isolates. High prevalence of class 1 integron carrying gene cassettes confirms that integron-mediated antimicrobial gene cassettes are important in Klebsiella spp. resistance profile. Clone diffusions of MDR Klebsiella spp. which harbor class 1 integrons have threaten the potential in the resistance development in our clinical settings
Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Multiple , Integrons , Genes , Outpatients , HospitalizationABSTRACT
Urinary tract infection [UTI] represents the commonest genitourinary diseases particularly in developing countries. Moreover the emergence of multi-drug resistance among the strains causing UTI is a great cause of concern. Furthermore, UTIs are particularly important because their occurrence may be associated with some congenital abnormality of urinary tract which may lead to recurrent infections causing damage to the urinary tract. Thus, prevention is the best strategy for avoiding complications
ABSTRACT
Urinary tract infections [UTIs] are one of the most frequent bacterial infections in children. Most commonly, members of Enterobacteriacea, particularly uropathogenic strains of E. coli and Enterobacter spp. are the primary causative organisms of UTIs in different parts of the world. A total of 55 hospitals from 12 provinces in Iran participated in this study. 1696 children with UTI aged 0 to 5 years referred to these hospitals were included in this study. Urine cultures were carried out and the isolates were identified by gram staining and conventional biochemical methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to the current National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards [NCCLS] guidelines. In general 438 urine isolates were obtained. E. coli was the most frequently occurring pathogen [54.80%], followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae [16.0%], coagulase negative Staphylococci [11.2%], Enterobacter spp. [9.6%], Proteus spp. 1.4% and P. aeruginosa [1.4%]. Resistance rates of E. coli isolates were 85.9% to co-trimoxazole, 80.0% to penicillin, 77.0% to ampicillin, 68.0% to chloramphenicol, 12.9% to ciprofloxacin, 12.9% to ceftriaxone, 12.9% to cephalotin, and 14.0% to amikacin. K. pneumoniae isolates were 18.5%, 20.0%, 24.0% and 29.0% resistant to cephalothin, ceftriaxone, amikacin and gentamicin respectively; however, penicillin [88.5%], co-trimoxazole [74.2%], and ampicillin [68.5%] were the least effective drugs. High prevalence of drug-resistant urinary tract pathogens, particularly to ampicillin and co-trimoxazole among Iranian children suggests cautious use of antibiotic therapy for the treatment. Finally, we suggest that empirical antibiotic selection should be based on knowledge of the local prevalence of bacterial organisms and antibiotic sensitivities rather than on universal guidelines